Farmers around the world spend more than $30 billion
annually on pesticides; but less than 0.1%
of these pesticides ever reach the target insects.
cbc.amnh.org/living/Food/index.html
Annual Chinese pesticide production reached more than
500,000 metric tons after the mid-1990s (Huang et al., 2000).
National data showed that rice farmers
spent more than 7.3 billion yuan for chemical pesticides to control pest problems in
1997
This was followed by apple (5.4 billion yuan), cotton (3.3 billion yuan), wheat (2.4 billion yuan), orange
(2.3 billion yuan), and maize (1.4 billion yuan). For these 6 crops altogether, farmers spent about 22.2
billion yuan (or
US$ 2.67 billion) for pesticides.

International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
''Farm Pesticide, Rice Production, and Human Health''
by Jikun Huang, Fangbin Qiao, Linxiu Zhang and ScottRozelle
Alternatives:
www.pesticideinfo.org
Pesticide Action Network Alternatives to chemical pest
control
. This page provides links to other organizations that provide
information on non-toxic or least-toxic approaches to pest
management.  ***
www.panna.org
Pesticide Action Network's Non-Pesticide Advisor points you to
quality information to help with specific pest and pesticide problems.
www.beyondpesticides.org
Safety Source for Pest Management  a directory of companies
that have completed the Beyond Pesticides survey and indicated that
they use one or more practices and/or materials categorized as
"non-toxic" or "least-toxic."  The directory is intended to be used for
pest problems in homes, commercial sites, schools, parks, golf
courses, and more.
   
   
Associations/Organizations- Pesticide Protection:  see Gov't sites below...
www.chem.unep.ch
United Nations Environment Progamme.  Info on Persistent
Organic Pollutants (POPs), chemical substances that persist in the
environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of
causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. ie,
PCBs, Dioxins, etc.
www.panna.org
Pesticide Action Network North America PANNA works to
replace pesticide use with ecologically sound and socially just
alternatives. Great organization. *** Also see their Data search engine
below.
www.pesticideinfo.org
Pesticide Action Network (PAN) Pesticide Database is your
one-stop location for toxicity and regulatory information for
pesticides. Search chemicals, products, poisoning diagnostics,
aquatic ecotoxicity, ***
www.enviroblog.org
Environmental Working Group. Discussion of the latest science
and news on toxins in your food, water, and air, and what
government agencies should be doing to protect public health.
Enviroblog is a project of Environmental Working Group Action
Fund.''
npic.orst.edu
National Pesticide Information Center provides objective,
science-based information about pesticides and pesticide-related
topics to enable people to make informed decisions about pesticides
and their use. NPIC is a cooperative agreement between Oregon
State University and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
www.beyondpesticides.org
Beyond Pesticides (formerly National Coalition Against the
Misuse of Pesticides) a non profit, works with allies in protecting
public health and the environment to lead the transition to a world
free of toxic pesticides. Great news blog.
www.peri.umass.edu
Political Economy Research Institute, U Mass at Amherst.
Corporate Toxics Information Project develops and disseminates
information and analysis on corporate releases of toxic chemicals and
the resulting exposures of communities to pollution hazards.
   
   
"Residues of DDE p,p´ continue to be detected in
significant amounts of foods especially spinach, root crops,
and beef adipose more than 30 years after its use was prohibited."
www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3003674
   
   
Government Data- Pesticides:
www.epa.gov
U.S. EPA  Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage; 2000 and 2001
Market Estimates. This report provides contemporary and historical
economic information on the U.S. pesticide producing and using
sectors covered by state and federal regulatory programs. This report
uses the best available information from the public domain and
proprietary sources. PDF.
www.ars.usda.gov
USDA's Agricultural Research Service Pesticide Properties
Database provides water quality modelers and managers a list of the
pesticide properties most important for predicting the potentials of
pesticides to move into ground and surface waters under a range of
weather and soil conditions. A compendium of chemical and
physical properties of 334 widely used pesticides. Information
included in the database focuses on 16 of the most important
properties that affect pesticide transport and degradation
characteristics.''
npic.orst.edu
National Pesticide Information Center provides objective,
science-based information about pesticides and pesticide-related
topics to enable people to make informed decisions about pesticides
and their use. NPIC is a cooperative agreement between Oregon
State University and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
www.ams.usda.gov
Pesticide Data Program is a national pesticide residue database
program. Through cooperation with State agriculture departments
and other Federal agencies, PDP manages the collection, analysis,
data entry, and reporting of pesticide residues on agricultural
commodities in the U.S. food supply, with an emphasis on those
commodities highly consumed by infants and children.
www.inchem.org
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the
Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS); IPCS
INCHEM directly responds to one of the Intergovernmental Forum
on Chemical Safety (IFCS) priority actions to consolidate current,
internationally peer-reviewed chemical safety-related publications
and database records from international bodies, for public access.
   
   
Government Sites:
www.epa.gov
Environmental Protection Agency's Pesticide Portal Page.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
www.epa.gov
EPA's Toxics and Pesticides Enforcement Division. Directs
the Toxic Substances Control Act, including regulation of lead-based
paint, and asbestos in schools. Also oversees enforcement of the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, which
establishes a right to information about toxic chemical substances,
and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, which
regulates the sale and distribution of pesticides.
www.epa.gov
EPA's Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
regulates pesticides and chemicals to ensure protection of public
health and the environment and promotes pollution prevention and
the public's right to know about chemical risks.
ntp.niehs.nih.gov
National Toxicology Program was established by the
Department of Health and Human Services. The program was
created to: Coordinate toxicology testing programs within the federal
government, Strengthen the science base in toxicology, Develop and
validate improved testing methods and to provide information about
potentially toxic chemicals to health, regulatory, and research
agencies, scientific and medical communities, and the public.
www.cdc.gov
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.  NIOSH Safety and
Health Topic: Pesticide Illness & Injury Surveillance.
water.usgs.gov
USGS's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA)
Program- Pesticide National Synthesis Project is a national-scale
assessment of the occurrence and behavior of pesticides in streams
and ground water of the United States and the potential for pesticides
to adversely affect drinking-water supplies or aquatic ecosystems.
   
   
News/Blogs:
www.iisd.ca
International Institute for Sustainable Development,
Reporting Services (IISD RS), brings you the latest news,
information and analysis from international environment and
sustainable development negotiations on chemicals management.
scienceblogs.com
/angrytoxicologist
Angry Toxicologist is a scientist in the public health sector who,
knows plenty about toxicology, and is occasionally angry about it all.
Good information.
   
   
Reports:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Medline/PubMed- National Library of Medicine and the National
Institutes of Health, Department of Health & Human Services.   
Pesticide Journal Articles.
ntp.niehs.nih.gov
National Toxicology Program of the Department of Health and
Human Services. Study Reports Search Page.
www.ncseonline.org
National Council for Science and the Environment, CRS
Report-  "Pesticide Law: A Summary of the Statutes" 29-Mar-2008  
This report summarizes the major statutory authorities governing
pesticide regulation: the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), as well as the major regulatory programs for
pesticides. PDF.
www.nap.edu
"The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture" Committee
on the Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture, Board on
Agriculture and Natural Resources and Board on Environmental
Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences,National
Research Council.
National Academies Press. 2000.
www.sustainableproduction.org
Agriculture and Cancer: A Need for Action.  Lowell Center for
Sustainable Production. Prepared by the Lowell Center for testimony
to the President's Cancer Panel about the state of the evidence on
chemicals linked to cancer. 2009. PDF. ***
archive.ewg.org
"Body Burden 2 The Pollution in Newborns" A benchmark
investigation of industrial chemicals, pollutants and pesticides in
umbilical cord blood found that blood samples from newborns
contained an average of 287 toxins. Environmental Working Group.
July 2005.
www.cdc.gov
Third National Report on Human Exposure to
Environmental Chemicals
. Provides an ongoing assessment of the
U.S. population's exposure to environmental chemicals using
biomonitoring. Biomonitoring is the assessment of human exposure
to chemicals by measuring the chemicals or their metabolites in
human specimens such as blood or urine. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention.
www.theecologist.org
"Moth balls" Is the light brown apple moth such a danger to crops
both agricultural and financial that the US government will risk the
health of its citizens to eradicate it? They spray, you pay, warns
Claire Robinson- Ecologist Magazine 01/09/2008.
www.meepi.org
"OVERKILL: Why Pesticide Spraying for West Nile Virus May
Cause More Harm Than Good" Prepared by the Toxics Action Center
and Maine Environmental Policy Institute 2001.
www.ehponline.org
Environmental Health Perspectives- Jun 9, 2009 Center for
Children's Environmental Health, University of California Berkeley.
Research Shows Children are Critically Susceptible to Pesticides
because they lack sufficient levels of the enzyme paraoxonase or
PON1- which is responsible for detoxifying pesticides. PDF.
World pesticide expenditures totaled more than $32.5 billion in 2000 and nearly $32.0
billion in 2001. Expenditures on herbicides accounted for the largest portion of total
expenditures (more than 40%), followed by expenditures on insecticides, fungicides, and
other pesticides, respectively.  U.S. pesticide expenditures totaled more than $11 billion in
2000 and 2001, in proportions similar to those of world expenditures, with a relatively
larger proportion of total U.S. expenditures on herbicides.
www.epa.gov/oppbead1/pestsales/01pestsales/sales2001.htm
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has classified  ninety-six different pesticide
ingredients registered for use as potential human carcinogens.

EPA Memorandum from William Burnham, Health Effects Division, "Office of Pesticide Programs' List of
Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential," February 19, 1997.
A 2004 study by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) found that blood samples from newborns
contained an average of 287 toxins, including mercury, fire retardants, pesticides and Teflon chemicals.
archive.ewg.org/reports/bodyburden2/execsumm.php
Pesticides
Less than 21% of all pesticides sold in U.S. have been adequately tested for
carcinogenicity. Less than 10% have been adequately tested for their ability to cause
genetic mutations, and less than 40% have been adequately tested for their potential to
cause birth defects.
Andrews University  http://ccmhi.com/ThePesticidePicture.htm
In 1978 Congress mandated the EPA to begin reassessing the safety of some 35,000 registered
pesticide products, but a lack of funds has seriously delayed the process so that many of the
registered pesticides remain unevaluated.  At present, there are forty-five pesticides approved
for food use that are known or suspected to cause cancer in animals, but it is uncertain at this
time whether they are harmful to humans. For the average consumer there is little data
available on dietary exposure to a particular pesticide over a period of time, making it very
difficult to link pesticide exposure with a specific health problem.
Andrews University  http://ccmhi.com/ThePesticidePicture.htm
"A total of 4.5 billion pounds of chemicals are applied annually as pesticides in the United
States. This total consists of 1.2 billion pounds of conventional pesticides (975 million
pounds) and other pesticide chemicals such as sulfur (260 million pounds; Table 1),4 plus
wood preservatives (660 million pounds), specialty biocides (270 million pounds), and
chlorine/hypochlorite compounds (2.4 billion pounds). "
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/113/4/S1/1030
Alternatives
Government Data
News/Blogs
Associations/Organizations
Government Sites
Reports
Fungicides account for about 10% of
all pesticides produced,
herbicides 6-7%.
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