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Global Power Generation (25% of world CO2 generation)
is responsible for more than 10 billion tons of CO2 per year.
The U.S. is responsible for 25 percent of that total, or 2.8 billion tons.
carma.org/ Carbon Monitoring for Action
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Carbon Credit Offset Associations:
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www.icroa.org
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International Carbon Reduction and Offset Alliance is a
not-for-profit alliance of carbon reduction and offset organisations. It
provides leadership and a unified voice advocating for rigorous
industry standards. ICROA members support a reduce-and-offset
approach to carbon management.
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Carbon Credit Offset Providers and Certifiers page...
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Carbon Credit Offset Reports/Papers: see Carbon Markets as well...
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www.ehponline.org
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Carbon Offsets: Growing Pains in a Growing Market.
Environmental Health Perspectives, March 2009. ***
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www.cleanair-coolplanet.org
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A Consumer's Guide to retail Carbon Offset Providers. Clean
Air Cool Planet. Dec 2006. PDF.
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www.bsr.org
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Getting Carbon Offsets Right: A Business Brief on Engaging
Offset Providers" List of offset providers. Business for Social
Responsibility. July 2007. PDF.
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www.wri.org
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"Outside The Cap: Opportunities and Limitations of
Greenhouse Gas Offsets" World Resources Institute, December,
2008. Suggests that U.S. policymakers need to carefully consider the
various options for achieving GHG emission reductions in
“uncapped” sectors of the economy.
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www.ieagreen.org.uk
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International Energy Agency. Report discusses the advantages
and disadvantages of voluntary carbon offsets as a mechanism for
reducing GHG emissions. It defines offsets and explains what makes
a ‘quality offset’. It describes the various standards for offsets,
explains how the market operates, and lists the main providers and
purchasers. PDF.
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www.pewclimate.org
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Pew Center. "Ensuring Offset Quality, Integrating High Quality
Green House Gas Offsets into North American Cap and Trade
Policy" Offset Quality Initiative offers policymakers practical
recommendations for the integration of greenhouse gas offsets into
emerging regulatory systems at the state, regional and federal levels.
(July 2008) PDF.
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According to the EPA, in 2000,
only 2% of U.S. electricity was generated from renewable resources
(excluding large hydro-power facilities).
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Carbon Management--- Reports:
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www.epa.gov
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EPA "A Program Guide for Climate Leaders" This document
outlines the Climate Leaders program, including guidance for
developing a greenhouse gas inventory and management plan, and
information on EPA technical assistance and national public
recognition. PDF.
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www.cbmjournal.com
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Carbon Balance and Management is an open access,
peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of
research aimed at developing a comprehensive, policy relevant
understanding of the global carbon cycle. Journal.
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www.newenergyfinance.com
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"How to save the Planet: Be Nice, Retaliatory, Forgiving &
Clear" New Finance. September 2007. "For companies and
investors, the most important implication is that they plan for a
carbon constrained future, whether the upcoming round of climate
negotiations results in a major accord or not.'
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bsr.org
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"Bio-Carbon and Corporate Climate Strategy: A Business
Brief on Emissions Reductions Via Forestry and Land Use
Projects" Business for Social Responsibility- This business brief
explores corporate emissions reductions through bio-carbon
initiatives, which offer one of the most important, but complex,
activities for reducing global carbon emissions. It builds on “Getting
Carbon Offsets Right,” (BSR 2007), a report exploring one of the
three main practices in “A Three–Pronged Pronged Approach to
Corporate Climate Strategy” (BSR 2006).
|
www.mckinsey
quarterly.com
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"What countries can do about cutting carbon emissions:
Greenhouse gas emissions can be cut significantly—and,
surprisingly, without huge disruption" McKinsey Quarterly-
May 2008.
|
www.mckinsey.com
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"Reducing US Greenhouse Gas Emissions: How Much at What
Cost?" Dec 2007, McKinsey Quarterly.
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www.adl.com
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Carbon Futures. Report- Arthur D. Little, management
consultancy. Carbon trading's future is uncertain and is driven by
emerging legislation for the period after 2012. In the face of this
uncertainty, what should executives responsible for investment
outcomes post-2012 be doing now to ensure they maximize
competitiveness and minimize risk? October 2008.
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www/ccc_org
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'A roadmap to combating climate change, The 3C initiative’s
recommendations to political leaders'' The 3C Initiative is a global
opinion group consisting of business leaders demanding integration
of climate issues in markets and trade. PDF.
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www.agu.org
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"Implications of “peak oil” for atmospheric CO2 and climate"
shows that it is feasible to keep atmospheric CO2 from exceeding
about 450 ppm by 2100, provided that emissions from coal,
unconventional fossil fuels, and land use are constrained. Coal-fired
power plants without sequestration must be phased out before
midcentury to achieve this CO2 limit. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles, VOL. 22, 2008.
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www.gesi.org
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SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the
Information Age. Through enabling other sectors to reduce their
emissions, the ICT industry could reduce global emissions by as
much as 15 per cent by 2020 – a volume of CO2 five times its own
footprint in 2020. Global e-Sustainability Initiative.
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www.wri.org
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"Green and Mean: Can the U.S. Economy Be Both Climate
Friendly and Competitive?" World Resources Institute,
March 10, 2009.
|
www.wri.org
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"A Roadmap for a Secure, Low-Carbon Energy Economy"
February, 2009. This “roadmap” presents the results of a year-long
effort by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
and WRI to identify a set of policies to address energy security and
climate change simultaneously.
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www.wri.org
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"Evaluating the Energy Security Implications of a
Carbon-Constrained U.S. Economy" Jan 2009. In this paper, the
Center for Strategic and International Studies and the World
Resources Institute examine eight scenarios for technological
development and energy use in the United States in 2035. All
envision limiting the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide
(CO2) to 450 parts per million (ppm).
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www.wri.org
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"Bottom Line on Corporate GHG Inventories" This fact sheet
answers key questions about corporate GHG inventories and how
they relate to other GHG measurement initiatives. World Resources
Institute, Mar 2008.
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www.cdproject.net
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Carbon Disclosure Project: CDP5. The Carbon Disclosure Project
is a forum used by institutional investors to request information on
greenhouse gas emissions from some of the world's largest
companies. This report, the fifth in a continuing series, contains data
on individual company's CO2 emissions and mitigation plans, and
also includes analyses of new climate developments.
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The largest total CO2 emitter, Huaneng Power International in China, is creating
292,000,000 tons of CO2 per year.
carma.org
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Carbon Market Associations/Orgs:
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unfccc.int
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Emissions Trading Page-numerous resources - for beginners or
experts - introductory and in-depth publications, the official
UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol texts and a search engine to the
UNFCCC library.
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www.cmia.net
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Carbon Markets and Investors Association is an international
trade association representing service providers to the global carbon
market. Representing businesses working to reduce carbon
emissions through the market mechanisms of the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol.
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www.ieta.org
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International Emissions Trading Association's goal is to
development an active, global greenhouse gas market, consistent
across national boundaries and involving all flexibility mechanisms:
the Clean Development Mechanism, Joint Implementation and
emissions trading;while ensuring effective business participation.
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www.ghgprotocol.org
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Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) is the most widely used
international accounting tool for government and business leaders to
understand, quantify, and manage greenhouse gas emissions. A
decade-long partnership between the World Resources Institute and
the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.
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www.iso.org
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ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's
largest developer and publisher of International Standards.
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wbcarbonfinance.org
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Prototype Carbon Fund. A partnership between seventeen
companies and six governments, and managed by the World Bank.
As the first carbon fund, its mission is to pioneer the market for
project-based greenhouse gas emission reductions while promoting
sustainable development and offering a learning-by-doing
opportunity to its stakeholders.
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www.climateregistry.org
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Climate Action Reserve, a new division of the California Climate
Action Registry- created to provide a high, accurate and measurable
standard for the national voluntary carbon reduction market.
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Carbon Market Cos (a sampling):
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www.cantorco2e.com
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CantorCO2e is a leading global provider of financial services to the
world’s environmental and energy markets, offering finance, advice,
technology and transaction services to clients engaged in using
energy and managing emissions across the world.
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www.ecosecurities.com
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EcoSecurities has structured and guided greenhouse gas emission
reduction projects for ten years, working with both project
developers and buyers of emission reduction credits. Based in
Ireland.
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www.carbonmarket
solutions.com
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Carbon Market Solutions. Assists organizations to take
advantage of opportunities in the global carbon market. Based in
New Zealand
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www.edftrading.com
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EDF Trading has been actively involved in the CDM market since
2004. Clean Development Mechanism project developers in China,
India, Brazil and Russia; industrial customers in EU countries;
Japanese counterparts; and utilities and banks. EU based.
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www.camco-international.com
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Camco works with companies and investors to identify and develop
projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and then arranges for
the sale and delivery of carbon credits to international compliance
buyers and into the voluntary market.'' Based on Channel Islands.
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Carbon Market Data:
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vcsprojectdatabase.com
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Voluntary Carbon Standard Project Database is the Voluntary
Carbon Standard Association’s centralized source of information
regarding all projects approved and Voluntary Carbon Units issued
under the VCS Program.
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wiki.carbon-360.com
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Emissions wiki about everything and anything related to
Emissions trading, hosted by Carbon360. Information to be
successful and lawful in trading.
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www.argusmedia.com
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Argus is a provider of price assessments, business intelligence and
market data on the global coal, electricity, oil, gas, emissions and
transportation industries.
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Carbon Market Events:
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www.carbontrade
examerica.com
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Carbon TradeEx America- a comprehensive event in the U.S.
connecting climate policy, carbon markets, energy security, low
carbon technology, and the green economic recovery. Carbon
TradeEx America is designed to serve the national education,
networking and business needs of all current and future carbon
market players.
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www.climateregistry.org
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California Climate Action Registry, Point Carbon and IETA
annual event. Navigating the American Carbon World April 2009.
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Carbon Market News:
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www.chicagoclimatex.com
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Chicago Climate Exchange. News Page.
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www.carbon
-financeonline.com
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Carbon Finance is a monthly newsletter and e-mail update service
providing in-depth coverage of the global markets in greenhouse
gas emissions.
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Carbon Market Reports/Papers:
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whatmatters
.mckinseydigital.com
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"The Debate Zone: Carbon Tax V. Cap and Trade" McKinsey
Quarterly. Feb 2009. Plus, reader's comments. ***
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www.ieta.org
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IETA's GHG Market Report 2008 - Piecing Together a
Comprehensive International Agreement for a Truly Global Carbon
Market. International Emissions Trading Association. Dec 2008.
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www.pi.energy.gov
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Greenhouse Gas Reporting Guidelines, Dept of Energy. Final
General Guidelines (April 2006). PDF.
|
www.pi.energy.gov
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Greenhouse Gas Reporting Guidelines, DOE January 2007
Corrected Technical Guidelines. PDF.
|
www.adl.com
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Carbon Futures. Arthur D. Little, management consultancy.
Carbon trading can have a significant influence on the bottom line
and is here to stay. Its future, however, is uncertain and is driven by
emerging legislation for the period after 2012. In the face of this
uncertainty, what should executives responsible for investment
outcomes post-2012 be doing now to ensure they maximize
competitiveness and minimize risk? October 2008.
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ecosystemmarketplace.com
|
"State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2008"
by The Ecosystem Marketplace Team. OTC volume of voluntary
emission offsets nearly tripled in 2007, and Ecosystem Marketplace
has once again teamed up with New Carbon Finance to crunch and
analyze this market. PDF.
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bsr.org
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Offsetting Emissions: A Business Brief on the Voluntary
Carbon Market (Second Edition)" The Ecosystem Marketplace and
Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) have partnered to produce
this business brief for companies that are considering engagement
with voluntary carbon markets. Feb 2008. PDF.
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www.global-change.com
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"The Emissions Game - How Markets Can Help Save the
Planet" Civic Exchange, the report explains how both traditional
and emerging emissions trading systems work and could be
employed in China and Hong Kong to address the interlocking
goals of air pollution control, energy efficiency, and reduction in
carbon intensity. Jan 2007. PDF.
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www.thecornerhouse.org.uk
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"Ways forward" Chapter 5 of Carbon Trading: A Critical
Conversation on Climate Change, Privatisation and Power by Larry
Lohmann (editor) published by Dag Hammarskjold Foundation,
Durban Group for Climate Justice and The Corner House.
|
www.nicholas.duke.edu
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"U.S. Carbon Market Design: Regulating Emission Allowances
as Financial Instruments" Working Paper, Feb 2009. Nicholas
School of the Environment at Duke. PDF.
|
www.wri.org
|
"Outside The Cap: Opportunities and Limitations of
Greenhouse Gas Offsets" World Resources Institute, December,
2008. Suggests that U.S. policymakers need to carefully consider the
various options for achieving GHG emission reductions in
“uncapped” sectors of the economy.
|
www.wri.org
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"Federalism in the Greenhouse: Defining a Role for States in a
Federal Cap-and-Trade Program" This policy brief presents the
competing arguments for state-led and federal-led climate
legislation, and argues for a third—“hybrid”—approach that
maximizes the strengths of each level of government. World
Resources Institute, Oct 2008.
|
www.wri.org
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"Bottom Line on Carbon Taxes" World Resources Institute, July,
2008. "Climate policy debates often feature discussions about the
role of a carbon tax, either as an alternative or a supplement to a
cap-and-trade program. This fact sheet describes the similarities and
differences between the two policy approaches and answers other
common questions about a tax on carbon."
|
www.wri.org
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"Bottom Line on Cap-and-Trade" World Resources Institute,
July, 2008. Cap-and-trade programs are the foundation of many
climate policy proposals and have been a focus of debate in state,
regional, and national legislatures. This fact sheet provides answers
to some of the basic questions about cap-and-trade programs and
reviews how such a system might work in the United States.
|
www.wri.org
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"Creating Jobs With Climate Solutions: How Agriculture and
Forestry Can Help Lower Costs in a Low Carbon Economy"
Carbon Offset projects include certain types of forestry and
agriculture carbon sequestration projects, which are subject to
greater measurement and baseline uncertainties, reversibility, and
leakage compared to other projects. World Resources Institute,
May, 2008.
|
www.wri.org
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"Leveling The Carbon Playing Field: International
Competition and U.S. Climate Policy Design" Evaluates a wide
range of policy options, including those that would impose carbon
costs on foreign-produced goods at the border in terms of their
effectiveness in reducing emissions and addressing competitiveness
issues and their impact on health of multilateral trade and climate
negotiations. World Resources Institute, May 2008.
|
www.carbontrust.co.uk
|
"Global Carbon Mechanisms: Emerging lessons and
implications" Executive summary explains and reviews the history
of the Global Carbon Mechanisms created under the Kyoto
Protocol. The mechanisms are: Joint Implementation (JI), which is
divided into 'track I' and 'track II'. Clean Development Mechanism
(CDM) and Direct sale of Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) with and
without accompanying Green Investment Schemes.
|
www.wbcsd.org
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Establishing a Global Carbon Market: A discussion on linking
various approaches to create a global market explores the
possibilities for linking differing national approaches. The paper
supplements Policy Directions to 2050, in which the World Business
Council for Sustainable Development outlines a proposal for a new
post-2012 climate agreement and identifies the establishment of a
global carbon market as one of its key elements.
|
www.oxfordenergy.org
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"Additionality in the Clean Development Mechanism Why
and What?" Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Mar 2009. "Apart
from the lack of a level playing field under the current mitigation
regime, the real problem with additionality in the CDM is that there
are valid reasons why it should be kept, and equally valid ones why
it should be rejected." PDF.
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Carbon Market Research:
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www.iisd.org
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International Institute for Sustainable Development
champions sustainable development around the world through
innovation, partnerships, research and communications.
|
www.jiqweb.org
|
Joint Implementation Network (JIN) was established in 1994
with the aim to create an international network for research
activities and information exchange about climate change policy
issues, in particular project-based emissions trading.
|
www.teriin.org
|
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) based in New Delhi
is perhaps the only developing country institution to have
established a presence in North America and Europe and on the
Asian continent in Japan, Malaysia and the Gulf.
|
www.zew.de
|
Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) Environmental
and Resource Economics, Environmental Management Research.
|
my.epri.com
|
Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. conducts research and
development relating to the generation, delivery and use of
electricity for the benefit of the public.
|
wiki.carbon-360.com
|
Emissions wiki about everything and anything related to
Emissions trading, hosted by Carbon360. Information to be
successful and lawful in trading.
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The biggest U.S. emitter is Southern Co. with annual emissions of 172 million tons of CO2.
Carbon Monitoring for Action
carma.org
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Carbon Markets/Registries Worldwide:
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unfccc.int
|
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Emissions Trading Page-numerous resources - for beginners or
experts - introductory and in-depth publications, the official
UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol texts and a search engine to the
UNFCCC library.
|
www.cdmbazaar.net
|
UNFCCC CDM Bazaar is a Web-based facility which serves as a
platform for exchange of information on Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) project opportunities.
|
www.ghgr.org
|
Global GHG Register, the World Economic Forum has launched a
global initiative to stimulate the disclosure and management by
companies of their worldwide climate emissions run in partnership
with BrasilConnects, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, International
Emissions Trading Association, Pew Center on Global Climate
Change, World Business Council for Sustainable Development,
World Energy Council, World Resources Institute and World
Wildlife Fund.
|
www.theclimateregistry.org
|
Climate Registry is a nonprofit collaboration among North
American states, provinces, territories and Native Sovereign Nations
that sets consistent and transparent standards to calculate, verify
and publicly report greenhouse gas emissions into a single registry.
|
www.eia.doe.gov
|
Energy Information Administration. Voluntary Reporting of
Greenhouse Gases Program encourages corporations, government
agencies, non-profit organizations, households, and other private
and public entities to submit annual reports of their greenhouse gas
emissions, emission reductions, and sequestration activities.
|
www.americancarbonregistry.org
|
American Carbon Registry non-profit online carbon registry-
voluntary and pre-compliance markets.
|
www.chicagoclimatex.com
|
Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) North American cap and trade
system for all six greenhouse gases, with global affiliates and
projects worldwide. A Market Simulation.
|
www.rggi.org
|
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is the first
mandatory, market-based effort in the United States to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. Ten Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic states
will cap and then reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector 10%
by 2018.
|
www.climateregistry.org
|
California Climate Action Registry is a private non-profit
organization originally formed by the State of California. The
California Registry serves as a voluntary greenhouse gas registry to
protect and promote early actions to reduce GHG emissions by
organizations.
|
www.midwesterngovernors.org
|
Midwestern Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord.
Members include: Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota,
Wisconsin and Canadian Province of Manitoba. Indiana, Ohio, and
South Dakota are observers to the process. The Accord is expected to
be fully implemented in 2010.
|
www.westernclimateinitiative.org
|
Western Climate Initiative. Partners: Arizona, California,
Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington, Utah, British
Columbia, Manitoba, Quebec, and Ontario. WCI was created to
identify, evaluate, and implement collective and cooperative ways to
reduce greenhouse gases in the region, focusing on a market-based
cap-and-trade system.
|
ec.europa.eu
|
EU ETS Registry- Emissions Trading: Commission connects EU
with UN carbon credit registry.
|
www.v-c-s.org
|
VCS Registry System is the first multiple-registry system in the
voluntary carbon market and thus provides market participants
with options in respect of where to open VCS project accounts.
|
www.defra.gov.uk
|
UK Emissions Trading Scheme.
|
www.climatechange.gov.au
|
Australian Government's Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme.
|
www.ghgregistries.ca
|
Canadian Standards Association’s GHG Registries Web Site –
Helping to manage, measure, and report GHG emissions,
reductions, and removals.
|
www.geimexico.org
|
Mexico's GHG Program is a voluntary GHG accounting and
reporting program created in partnership with the Mexican
environment agency (SEMARNAT) and WBCSD.
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